Spaying, also known as an ovariohysterectomy, involves the surgical removal of a female dog’s reproductive tract. This procedure is a key solution to pet overpopulation. Below, we discuss how spaying affects behavior, cancer incidence, urinary incontinence, and orthopedic health.
Importance of Hormones
Hormones produced by the ovaries are crucial for the development of growing dogs. Therefore, dogs should not be spayed before six months of age. Certain breeds may need to wait until 12 to 24 months old. For optimal orthopedic development:
- Small Dogs (under 45 pounds): Spay between 6-12 months.
- Large Dogs (over 45 pounds): Spay between 9-24 months.
Our veterinarian will recommend the best timing based on your dog’s expected size and breed.
Behavioral Effects of Spaying
The scientific literature shows mixed results regarding the impact of spaying on aggressive behavior. Some studies indicate positive effects, while others show minimal or negative impacts. If spayed before maturation, female dogs may become less confident, more excitable, fearful, and anxious. Behavior is influenced by various factors, including:
- Breed/genetics
- Health states, including sex hormones
- Past experiences
- The owner’s emotional state
- Environmental dynamics
For more detailed information, refer to the scientific articles listed at the end of this document.
Orthopedic Development
Spaying dogs too young can lead to orthopedic issues such as hip dysplasia and cranial cruciate ligament tears.
Cancer Risks
Spaying before maturation increases the risk of cancers like osteosarcoma, lymphoma, and mast cell tumors, which are common in dogs.
Dermatological and Autoimmune Conditions
Early spaying also raises the incidence of allergies and autoimmune disorders.
Options to Minimize Long-Term Effects
The removal of ovaries, and thus the hormones they produce, leads to the issues described above. We offer two spaying options:
Traditional Spay
- Removes the ovaries, uterus, and cervix.
- Prevents pregnancy.
- Eliminates heat cycles, making females unattractive to males.
- Stops bloody vaginal discharge.
Ovary Sparing Spay
- Removes the uterus and cervix but leaves the ovaries intact.
- Prevents pregnancy.
- Females will continue to have heat cycles and remain attractive to males.
- May result in scant bloody discharge during cycles.
- Performed laparoscopically, which is less invasive and allows for easier recovery.
(1) The Effects of Neutering on Undesirable Behaviors in Dogs
https://www.veterinary-practice.com/article/effects-of-neutering-on-undesirable-behaviours-in-dogs
(2) https://www.universityofcalifornia.edu/news/when-should-you-neuter-or-spay-your-dog
(3) https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5146839/ (autoimmune and allergic disorders)